Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Possible Late Indication for Coronavirus Disease 2019?

Background: There is now substantial evidence to support venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation efficacy and safety for patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, recent guidelines recommend against the initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with mechanical ventilation for coronavirus disease 2019 severe acute respiratory distress syndrome for greater than 7-10 days.

Case Summary: We report the case of a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 severe acute respiratory distress syndrome with successful late venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation after 20 days of mechanical ventilation. Respiratory compliance, arterial blood gases, and radiological lesions improved progressively under venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and ultraprotective ventilation. The patient was discharged from ICU.

Conclusions: As coronavirus disease 2019 is a new and incompletely understood entity, we believe that late extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be considered in selected patients as a bridge to recovery. Further prospective studies are, however, needed.