We have located links that may give you full text access.
Use of smokeless tobacco before conception and its relationship with maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy in Thatta, Pakistan: Findings from Women First study.
Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2020 October 22
INTRODUCTION: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption during pregnancy has adverse consequences for the mother and fetus. We aimed to investigate the effects of maternal pre-pregnancy SLT consumption on maternal and fetal outcomes in the district of Thatta, Pakistan.
METHODS: We conducted a secondary data analysis of an individual randomized controlled trial of preconception maternal nutrition. Study participants were women of reproductive age residing in the district of Thatta, Pakistan. Participants were asked questions regarding the usage of commonly consumed SLT known as gutka (exposure variable). Study outcomes included maternal anemia, miscarriage, preterm births, stillbirths, and low birth weight. We performed a cox-regression analysis by controlling for confounders such as maternal age, education, parity, working status, body mass index, and geographic clusters.
RESULTS: The study revealed that 71.5% of the women reported using gutka, with a higher proportion residing in rural areas as compared to urban areas in the district of Thatta, Pakistan. In the multivariable analysis, we did not find a statistically significant association between gutka usage and anemia [(RR: 1.04, 95% CI (0.92-1.16)]; miscarriage [(RR: 1.08, 95% CI (0.75-1.54)]; preterm birth [(RR: 1.37, 95% CI (0.64-2.93)]; stillbirth [(RR: 1.02, 95% CI (0.39-2.61)] and low birth weight [(RR: 0.96, 95% CI (0.72-1.28)].
CONCLUSION: The study did not find an association between gutka usage before pregnancy and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. In the future, robust epidemiological studies are required to detect true differences with a dose-response relationship between gutka usage both before and during pregnancy and adverse feto-maternal outcomes.
IMPLICATIONS: While most epidemiological studies conducted in Pakistan have focused on smoking and its adverse outcomes among males, none of the studies have measured the burden of SLT among women of reproductive age (WRA) and its associated adverse outcomes. In addition, previously conducted studies have primarily assessed the effect of SLT usage during pregnancy rather than before pregnancy on adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. The current study is unique because it provides an insight into the usage of SLT among WRA before pregnancy and investigated the association between pre-pregnancy SLT usage and its adverse feto-maternal outcomes in rural Pakistan.
METHODS: We conducted a secondary data analysis of an individual randomized controlled trial of preconception maternal nutrition. Study participants were women of reproductive age residing in the district of Thatta, Pakistan. Participants were asked questions regarding the usage of commonly consumed SLT known as gutka (exposure variable). Study outcomes included maternal anemia, miscarriage, preterm births, stillbirths, and low birth weight. We performed a cox-regression analysis by controlling for confounders such as maternal age, education, parity, working status, body mass index, and geographic clusters.
RESULTS: The study revealed that 71.5% of the women reported using gutka, with a higher proportion residing in rural areas as compared to urban areas in the district of Thatta, Pakistan. In the multivariable analysis, we did not find a statistically significant association between gutka usage and anemia [(RR: 1.04, 95% CI (0.92-1.16)]; miscarriage [(RR: 1.08, 95% CI (0.75-1.54)]; preterm birth [(RR: 1.37, 95% CI (0.64-2.93)]; stillbirth [(RR: 1.02, 95% CI (0.39-2.61)] and low birth weight [(RR: 0.96, 95% CI (0.72-1.28)].
CONCLUSION: The study did not find an association between gutka usage before pregnancy and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. In the future, robust epidemiological studies are required to detect true differences with a dose-response relationship between gutka usage both before and during pregnancy and adverse feto-maternal outcomes.
IMPLICATIONS: While most epidemiological studies conducted in Pakistan have focused on smoking and its adverse outcomes among males, none of the studies have measured the burden of SLT among women of reproductive age (WRA) and its associated adverse outcomes. In addition, previously conducted studies have primarily assessed the effect of SLT usage during pregnancy rather than before pregnancy on adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. The current study is unique because it provides an insight into the usage of SLT among WRA before pregnancy and investigated the association between pre-pregnancy SLT usage and its adverse feto-maternal outcomes in rural Pakistan.
Full text links
Related Resources
Trending Papers
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment.Clinical Research in Cardiology : Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society 2024 April 12
Proximal versus distal diuretics in congestive heart failure.Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 2024 Februrary 30
Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in chronic insomnia: A review of clinical guidelines and case reports.Mental Health Clinician 2023 October
World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification of eosinophilic disorders: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management.American Journal of Hematology 2024 March 30
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app