JOURNAL ARTICLE
MULTICENTER STUDY
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Prediction of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism in Critically Ill Patients: The ICU-Venous Thromboembolism Score.

OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors and develop a prediction score for in-hospital symptomatic venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients.

DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING: Henry Ford Health System, a five-hospital system including 18 ICUs.

PATIENTS: We obtained data from the electronic medical record of all adult patients admitted to any ICU (total 264 beds) between January 2015 and March 2018.

INTERVENTIONS: None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Symptomatic venous thromboembolism was defined as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or both, diagnosed greater than 24 hours after ICU admission and confirmed by ultrasound, CT, or nuclear medicine imaging. A prediction score (the ICU-Venous Thromboembolism score) was derived from independent risk factors identified using multivariable logistic regression. Of 37,050 patients who met the eligibility criteria, 529 patients (1.4%) developed symptomatic venous thromboembolism. The ICU-Venous Thromboembolism score consists of six independent predictors: central venous catheterization (5 points), immobilization greater than or equal to 4 days (4 points), prior history of venous thromboembolism (4 points), mechanical ventilation (2 points), lowest hemoglobin during hospitalization greater than or equal to 9 g/dL (2 points), and platelet count at admission greater than 250,000/μL (1 point). Patients with a score of 0-8 (76% of the sample) had a low (0.3%) risk of venous thromboembolism; those with a score of 9-14 (22%) had an intermediate (3.6%) risk of venous thromboembolism (hazard ratio, 6.7; 95% CI, 5.3-8.4); and those with a score of 15-18 (2%) had a high (17.7%) risk of venous thromboembolism (hazard ratio, 28.1; 95% CI, 21.7-36.5). The overall C-statistic of the model was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.85-0.88).

CONCLUSIONS: Clinically diagnosed symptomatic venous thromboembolism occurred in 1.4% of this large population of ICU patients with high adherence to chemoprophylaxis. Central venous catheterization and immobilization are potentially modifiable risk factors for venous thromboembolism. The ICU-Venous Thromboembolism score can identify patients at increased risk for venous thromboembolism.

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