Analysis of venom sac constituents from the solitary, hunting wasp Cerceris rybyensis.

Solitary hunting wasps are abundant and diverse hymenopteran insects that disable prey using venom. The venom may possess neuromodulation, immunomodulatory, metabolic-modulatory and antimicrobial functions. Venom analysis using transcriptome or mass spectrometry has been previously performed in social and parasitoid wasp species. We develop methodologies including mass spectrometry to analyse the protein constituents from venom sacs of the solitary wasp Cerceris rybyensis. The venom sac constituents of C. rybyensis are discussed with respect to other wasp species.