Twenty-two new species in the genus Hyphantrophaga Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, with a key to the species of Mesoamerica.

Background: We describe 22 new species in the genus Hyphantrophaga Townsend, 1892 (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) in north-western Costa Rica. All species were reared from an ongoing inventory of wild-caught caterpillars spanning a variety of families (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae, Crambidae, Depressariidae, Doidae, Erebidae, Euteliidae, Gelechiidae, Geometridae, Hedylidae, Hesperiidae, Immidae, Lasiocampidae, Limacodidae, Megalopygidae, Mimaloniidae, Noctuidae, Nolidae, Notodontidae, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Phiditiidae, Pterophoridae, Pyralidae, Riodinidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Thyrididae, Tortricidae and Zygaenidae). We provide a morphological description of each species together with information on life history, molecular data and photographic documentation. In addition to the new species, we provide a redescription of the genus, as well as the redescription of three previously described species, which were also collected within ACG during this study: Hyphantrophaga angustata (van der Wulp), Hyphantrophaga myersi (Aldrich) and Hyphantrophaga virilis (Aldrich & Webber).

New information: The following 22 new species of Hyphantrophaga are described: Hyphantrophaga adrianguadamuzi Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga albopilosa Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga anacordobae Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga calixtomoragai Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga calva Fleming & Wood sp. n.. , Hyphantrophaga ciriloumanai Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga danausophaga Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga diniamartinezae Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga duniagarciae Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga edwinapui Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga eldaarayae Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga eliethcantillanoe Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga gilberthampiei Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga guillermopereirai Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga hazelcambroneroae Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga luciariosae Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga manuelriosi Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga morphophaga Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga nigricauda Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga osvaldoespinozai Fleming & Wood sp. n. , Hyphantrophaga pabloumanai Fleming & Wood sp. n. and Hyphantrophaga similis Fleming & Wood sp. n. The following are proposed by Wood as new synonyms of Hyphantrophaga Townsend, 1892: Brachymasicera Townsend, 1911 syn. n. , Ommasicera Townsend, 1911 syn. n. , Ophirosturmia Townsend, 1911 syn. n. , Patillalia Curran, 1934 syn. n. and Ypophaemyiops Townsend, 1935 syn. n. The following nine new combinations are proposed as a result of the new synonymies: Hyphantrophaga adamsoni (Thompson, 1963), comb. n. , Hyphantrophaga fasciata (Curran, 1934), comb. n. , Hyphantrophaga glauca (Giglio-Tos, 1893), comb. n. , Hyphantrophaga gowdeyi (Curran, 1926), comb. n. , Hyphantrophaga myersi (Aldrich, 1933), comb. n. , Hyphantrophaga nigripes (Townsend, 1928), comb. n. , Hyphantrophaga optica (Schiner, 1868), comb. n. , Hyphantrophaga polita (Townsend, 1911), comb. n. , Hyphantrophaga subpolita (Townsend, 1912), comb. n.