Arabidopsis and Sunflower plants with increased xylem area show enhanced seed yield.

Plant architecture plasticity determines the efficiency at harvesting and plays a major role defining biomass and seed yield. We observed that several previously described transgenic genotypes exhibiting increased seed yield show also wider stems and more vascular bundles than wild type plants. Here, the relationship between these characteristics and seed yield was investigated. Hanging weight on the main stem of Arabidopsis plants provoked a significant stem widening. Such widening was accompanied by an increase in the number of vascular bundles and about 100% of yield increase. In parallel, lignin deposition diminished. Vascular bundle formation started in the upper internode and continued downstream. AUX/LAX carriers were essential for this response. The increase of vascular bundles was reverted three weeks after the treatment leading to an enlarged xylem area. Aux1, lax1 and lax3 mutant plants were also able to enlarge their stems after the treatment whereas lax2 plants did not. However, none of these mutants exhibited more vascular bundles or seed yield compared with untreated plants. Weight-induced xylem area enhancement and increased seed yield were also observed in sunflower plants. Altogether the results show a strong correlation between the number of vascular bundles and enhanced seed yield under long day photoperiod. Furthermore changes in the levels of auxin carriers affect both these processes in the same manner, suggesting that there may be an underlying causality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.