The Cdc42 effectors Gic1 and Gic2 regulate polarized post-Golgi secretion.

Background: Cell polarity refers to spatial difference in morphology, structure, and function within different parts of a single cell, which plays important roles in a wide range of cellular processes. In eukaryotic cells, the small GTPase Cdc42 and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2 ) are critical components for cell polarity and required for polarized exocytosis and cell growth. Previous data showed that the GTPase-interacting components, Gic1 and Gic2, control cell polarity through its binding with Cdc42 and PtdIns(4,5)P2 in the plasma membrane in budding yeast. However, whether the Gic proteins regulate polarized exocytosis is unknown.

Results: In this study, we found that Gic2 co-immunoprecipitates with the exocyst complex, suggesting Gic proteins may be involved in exocytosis. Although we could not show the direct interaction between Gic2 and exocyst, we found gic1Δgic2Δ are synthetically sick with sec3ΔN . We demonstrated that Gic1 and Gic2 are required for polarized exocytosis in a yeast strain harboring the N-terminal domain deletion of Sec3, which is also known as an effector of Cdc42 GTPase. Gic proteins are required for polarized localization of exocyst, growth, and efficient secretion in sec3∆N mutant. In addition, we found that the N-terminal domain of both Gic2 and Sec3 share the similar binding sites of Cdc42. Surprisingly, not all the Sec3/Gic binding deficient cdc42 mutants displayed defects of growth and secretion, indicating that disruption of Cdc42 binding with Gic proteins and Sec3 does not necessarily show secretion defects in cdc42 mutants.

Conclusions: We conclude that Gic1/2 and Sec3 act in parallel to regulate polarized post-Golgi secretion, but this regulation is not solely controlled by their upstream factor Cdc42. Considering that N-terminal domain of Gic2 and Sec3 can bind to both Cdc42 and PtdIns(4,5)P2 , the regulation of Gic protein and Sec3 on polarized secretion may also be controlled by PtdIns(4,5)P2 . Further experiments need to be performed to test this hypothesis. Our findings provide important clues for understanding the molecular mechanism of cell polarity establishment in eukaryotic cells.