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Central composite rotatable design for optimization of Budesonide loaded cross linked chitosan-dextran sulfate nanodispersion: Characterization, in vitro diffusion and aerodynamic study.

Budesonide is BCS class II drug had low water solubility (0.045 mg/mL) and low oral bioavailability (6-8%) due to high first pass effect. It is aimed to prepare cross linked chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles and/or nanodispersion. Nebulizable cross-linked nanodispersion were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique and characterized through XRPD, FTIR, mean particle size (MPS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), drug loading, entrapment efficiency, SEM, % production yield, in vitro diffusion, aerodynamic and stability study. The optimization of formulation was done by using central composite rotatable design to study the effect of independent variables, concentration of chitosan (X1) and concentration dextran sulfate (X2) on the dependent variables, mean particle Size (Y1), drug loading (Y2) and % CDR (% cumulative drug release) (Y3). The MPS, PDI and ZP of budesonide loaded nanoparticles were 160.8 ± 0.27 nm, 0.36 ± 0.04 and 13 ± 0.894 mV, respectively. The percent drug loading of all the batches was found in range of 10-16%. The emitted drug in target region (alveoli) was measured by using HPLC and it was found to be 18.26%. It was found that, nanodispersion had the optimum in vitro aerodynamic behavior. Stability study results showed no significant change in MPS, PDI, ZP and % CDR after three month storage. In conclusion, cross linked chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles had properties suitable for nebulizable dispersion of increased drug loading, in vitro drug release and avoid the first pass effect.

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