The roles of apoptosis, autophagy and unfolded protein response in arbovirus, influenza virus and HIV infections.

Virus infection induces different cellular responses in infected cells. These include cellular stress responses like autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR). Both autophagy and UPR are connected to programmed cell death I (apoptosis) in chronic stress conditions to regulate cellular homeostasis via Bcl2 family proteins, CHOP and Beclin-1. In this review article we first briefly discuss arboviruses, influenza virus, and HIV and then describe the concepts of apoptosis, autophagy and UPR. Finally, we focus upon how apoptosis, autophagy and UPR are involved in regulation of cellular responses to arboviruses, influenza virus and HIV infections.