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The critical bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to dental glass-ceramics.
Clinical Oral Investigations 2019 April 6
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the critical bond strength (σ) of ceramic and metal brackets to a lithium disilicate-based glass-ceramic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and forty ceramic specimens (IPS e-max CAD) were randomly distributed in 12 experimental groups (n = 20). Two ceramic brackets (monocrystalline, BCm; and polycrystalline, BCp) and a metal bracket (BM) were bonded to glass-ceramic specimens after one of the following surface treatments: HF-hydrofluoric acid applied for 60 s; S-silane applied for 3 min; HFS-HF followed by S; and MDP-application of an adhesive containing a phosphate monomer (MDP). All brackets were bonded to the treated glass-ceramic using a resin cement, stored in 37 °C water for 48 h before shear bond strength testing. Optical (OM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopies were used for fractographic analysis. Data was statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls (α = 0.05).
RESULTS: BCm bonded to glass-ceramic treated with either HFS or HF showed the highest median σ values, respectively, 10.5 MPa and 8.5 MPa. In contrast, the BCp bonded to glass-ceramic treated with MDP showed the lowest median σ value (0.8 MPa), which was not statistically different from other MDP-treated groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The failure mode was governed by the glass-ceramic surface treatment, not by the bracket type. Quantitative (σ values) and qualitative (fracture mode) data suggested a minimum of 5 MPa for brackets bonded to glass-ceramic, which is the lower critical limit bond strength for a comprehensive orthodontic treatment.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bonding brackets to glass-ceramic requires micromechanical retention.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and forty ceramic specimens (IPS e-max CAD) were randomly distributed in 12 experimental groups (n = 20). Two ceramic brackets (monocrystalline, BCm; and polycrystalline, BCp) and a metal bracket (BM) were bonded to glass-ceramic specimens after one of the following surface treatments: HF-hydrofluoric acid applied for 60 s; S-silane applied for 3 min; HFS-HF followed by S; and MDP-application of an adhesive containing a phosphate monomer (MDP). All brackets were bonded to the treated glass-ceramic using a resin cement, stored in 37 °C water for 48 h before shear bond strength testing. Optical (OM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopies were used for fractographic analysis. Data was statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls (α = 0.05).
RESULTS: BCm bonded to glass-ceramic treated with either HFS or HF showed the highest median σ values, respectively, 10.5 MPa and 8.5 MPa. In contrast, the BCp bonded to glass-ceramic treated with MDP showed the lowest median σ value (0.8 MPa), which was not statistically different from other MDP-treated groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The failure mode was governed by the glass-ceramic surface treatment, not by the bracket type. Quantitative (σ values) and qualitative (fracture mode) data suggested a minimum of 5 MPa for brackets bonded to glass-ceramic, which is the lower critical limit bond strength for a comprehensive orthodontic treatment.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bonding brackets to glass-ceramic requires micromechanical retention.
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