Perilymphatic Fistulas and Superior Semi-Circular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome.

Perilymphatic fistulas (PLF) and superior semi-circular canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) are 2 conditions that can present with sound and/or pressure-induced vertigo. PLF should be suspected in cases of trauma or surgery, while a spontaneous PLF is a diagnosis of exclusion. Research is ongoing to identify an ideal biomarker for perilymph. The diagnosis of SCDS continues to evolve with further research into vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials, electrocochleography, and higher resolution CT imaging. Treatment advances include the transmastoid approach, smaller middle fossa craniotomies, and usage of endoscopes. Temporal bone studies have furthered the understanding of pressure dynamics within the ear and how this relates to recommendations for repair versus alternative treatments such as round window plugging.