Autopsy Study of the Liver in Adult Nigerians at Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

BACKGROUND: Liver diseases are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. Detection of liver involvement in many disease conditions is often delayed till after death when autopsy is conducted, hence the importance of this study.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD: This was a prospective study to assess the pathologic findings in the liver of one hundred (100) consecutive adults (without pre-mortem diagnosis of liver disease) at autopsy, at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria. The organs were examined macroscopically, weighed and representative biopsies taken for histopathological assessment. Special histochemical stains to confirm diagnosis were carried out as appropriate. The biodata and other clinical information were obtained from the case notes. Analysis was carried using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS: One hundred cases were studied, comprising of 46 males and 54 females, with overall mean age 47±15.6 years. The mean weight of the liver was 1737±586.02 grams (normal 1200-1400gm). In 19.0% of the cases, the liver showed normal histology. Of the others with pathological findings (81%), the three most common pathologies were chronic venous congestion, steatosis, and metastatic tumours. There was significant correlation of liver pathologies diagnosed with causes of death at autopsy (p=0.001).

CONCLUSION: In view of the fact that major liver diseases may be asymptomatic and may not be diagnosed until death, there is need for a high index of suspicion by clinicians. It is therefore important that clinicians properly assess the functional state of the liver to prevent, detect and promptly treat these disorders.