Sleep in parents of preterm infants: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Sleep disruption during the first postpartum year is associated with several negative health outcomes including postpartum depression. Such disruption may be a greater issue for parents of preterm neonates, yet literature on this subject has not been critically reviewed.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize literature on sleep quantity, sleep quality, and factors influencing sleep among parents of preterm infants during infant hospitalization and following discharge.

DESIGN: A systematic review.

DATA SOURCES: Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from their inception to February 2017.

METHODS: Potentially eligible citations were reviewed by two independent reviewers. Both quantitative and qualitative studies were eligible for inclusion. Data on eligible studies and review outcomes were extracted using a customized form.

FINDINGS: Eighteen reports from 16 studies met inclusion criteria. Four studies included a control group of parents of full-term infants. Three studies reported sleep quantity means, of which only one provided values for an exclusive sample of mothers of preterm infants and found on average, mothers obtained 6.3 h of sleep/day in the first 5-10 days. Twelve studies reported on sleep quality; most (n = 10) relied on self-reported measures and identified poor subjective sleep quality whereas two studies objectively measured sleep of poor quality. Parental stress was the most consistent factor associated with sleep quality.

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Quality and quantity of sleep among parents of preterm infants is inadequate and may negatively influence family health outcomes. Further research on correlates and changes in sleep is required to identify at-risk parents and inform targeted clinical recommendations and interventions aimed at maximizing sleep for parents of preterm infants.