The salt-sensitive transcriptome of isolated kidney distal tubule cells.

In the distal kidney tubule, the steroid hormone aldosterone regulates sodium reabsorption via the epithelial sodium channel ENaC. Most studies seeking to identify ENaC-regulating aldosterone-induced proteins have used transcriptional profiling of cultured cells. To identify salt-sensitive transcripts using an in vivo model, we used low-NaCl or high-NaCl diet to stimulate or suppress endogenous aldosterone, in combination with magnetic- and fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate distal tubule cells from mouse kidney for transcriptional profiling. Of the differentially expressed transcripts, 162 were more abundant in distal tubule cells isolated from mice fed low-NaCl diet, and 161 were more abundant in distal tubule cells isolated from mice fed high-NaCl diet. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology biological process terms identified multiple statistically over-represented pathways among the differentially expressed transcripts that were more abundant in distal tubule cells isolated from mice fed low-NaCl diet, including ion transmembrane transport, regulation of growth, and negative regulation of apoptosis. Analysis of Gene Ontology molecular function terms identified differentially expressed transcription factors, transmembrane transporters, kinases, and G-protein coupled receptors. Finally, comparison with a recently published study of gene expression changes in distal tubule cells in response to administration of aldosterone identified 18 differentially expressed genes in common between the two experiments. When expression of these genes was measured in cortical collecting ducts microdissected from mice fed low-NaCl or high-NaCl diet, seven were differentially expressed. These genes are likely to be regulated directly by aldosterone and may provide insight into aldosterone signaling to ENaC in the distal tubule.