Electrochemical methods for probing DNA damage mechanisms and designing cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy.

An electrochemical approach was devised for detecting DNA damage and differentiating two DNA damage mechanisms, which is important to the design of new chemotherapeutics. This approach combined two platforms, based on the detection of base damage and DNA strand cleavage. In this work, our approach was demonstrated for the detection of cisplatin-induced DNA damage and the enhancement effects of two electron donors, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Our results demonstrated that TMPD enhanced DNA strand cleavage, supporting the proposed dissociative electron transfer mechanism. While rGO, which is an efficient electron donor, failed to show any enhancement (suggesting the lack of free-radical generation), overall, this electrochemical approach could be implemented for discovering next-generation DNA damage-based chemotherapy drugs.