Clarifying the Concept of Depression in Women With Coronary Heart Disease.

The concept of depression in women with coronary heart disease has been poorly defined for several reasons: numerous widely variable instruments that operationalize the concept; divergent proposed instrument cutoff scores; and continued lack of female participants and data analysis by gender in coronary heart disease research. In the forty articles from 1990 to 2018 evaluating depression in women with coronary heart disease, the concept is defined by specific somatic and cognitive symptoms, preceded by particular physiological and psychosocial vulnerabilities, and leads to poorer outcomes. Concept clarification is necessary for accurate diagnosis of depression, leading to more timely and appropriate interventions for women.