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Retromer facilitates the localization of Bcl-xL to the mitochondrial outer membrane.

The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bcl-xL plays a critical role in cell survival by protecting the integrity of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). The mechanism through which Bcl-xL is recruited to the MOM has not been fully discerned. The retromer is a conserved endosomal scaffold complex involved in membrane trafficking.  Here we identify VPS35 and VPS26, two core components of the retromer, as novel regulators of Bcl-xL. We observed interactions and co-localization between Bcl-xL, VPS35, VPS26 and MICAL-L1, a protein involved in recycling endosome biogenesis that also interacts with the retromer. We also found that upon VPS35 depletion, levels of non-mitochondrial Bcl-xL were increased.  In addition, retromer-depleted cells displayed more rapid Bax activation and apoptosis. These results suggest that the retromer regulates apoptosis by facilitating Bcl-xL's transport to the MOM. Importantly, our studies suggest a previously uncharacterized relationship between the machineries of cell death/survival and endosomal trafficking. Movie S1 Movie S1.

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