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Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Rescue Endothelial Cells Experiencing Chemotherapy Stress by Mitochondrial Transfer via Tunnelling Nanotubes.

Stem Cells and Development 2019 Februrary 28
Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) are newly discovered tubular structures between two distant cells that facilitate the intercellular exchange of signals and components. Recent reports show that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can rescue injured target cells and promote recovery from a variety of stresses via TNT-mediated mitochondrial transfer. In this study, we explored how TNTs form between bone marrow MSCs and endothelial cells by using a human umbilical cord vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cell model. TNT formation between MSCs and HUVECs could be induced by treating HUVECs with Cytarabine (Ara-C), and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) could transfer mitochondria to injured HUVECs through TNTs. Mitochondrial transfer from hBMMSCs to HUVECs via TNTs rescued the injured HUVECs by reducing apoptosis, promoting proliferation and restoring the transmembrane migration ability as well as the capillary angiogenic ability of HUVECs. This study provides novel insights into the cell-cell communication between MSCs and endothelial cells (ECs) and supports the results of prior studies indicating that ECs promote haematopoietic regeneration. An improved understanding of MSC-EC cross-talk will promote the development of MSC-directed strategies for improving EC function and haematopoietic system regeneration following myelosuppressive and myeloablative injuries.

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