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Dynamic diffractive patterns in helix-inverting cholesteric liquid crystals.

The future of adaptive materials will rely on efficient transducing molecular motion across increasing length scales, up to the macroscopic and functional level. In this context, liquid crystals have emerged as a promising amplification medium, in view their long range order and high sensitivity to external stimuli, and in particular chiral liquid crystals have demonstrated widely tunable optical properties and invertible chirality. Here, we demonstrate that by applying weak electric fields, regular, periodic and light-tunable patterns can be formed spontaneously in cholesteric liquid crystal. These patterns can be used as light-tunable diffraction gratings for which the period, the diffraction efficiency, and the in-plane orientation of grating vector can be controlled precisely, reversibly and independently. Such a photo-regulation allows generating a variety of one- and two-dimensional complex diffractive patterns, in a single material. Our data is also supported by modeling and theoretical calculations. Overall, the fine tunability of cholesteric materials doped with artificial molecular switches makes them attractive for optics and photonics.

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