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The prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and association with HIV infection in symptomatic patients, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2007-2014.

BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma genitalium is associated with genital discharge syndrome, but limited prevalence data is available in South Africa. The prevalence rates of M. genitalium infection and HIV co-infection were determined in urogenital specimens collected from male and female patients presenting with genital discharge syndrome to a primary health care centre in Johannesburg, South Africa from 2007 through 2014.

METHODS: Genital specimens from 4731 patients were tested by a validated in-house multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis and M. genitalium. Sera were tested for HIV infection using the Determine™ HIV 1/2 and Unigold™ assays.

RESULTS: The relative prevalence of M. genitalium in males and females was 8.9% and 10.6%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV infection in those infected with M. genitalium, without other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), was significantly higher than in those without M. genitalium infection (48.9% v 40.5%, p=0.014). This significant difference in HIV seroprevalence was particularly observed among females in the study cohort.

CONCLUSION: The relative prevalence of M. genitalium and its association with prevalent HIV among females with vaginal discharge syndrome (VDS) calls for further research on the potential role of M. genitalium in the transmission and acquisition of HIV.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

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