Rechallenge of targeted therapy in metastatic melanoma.

Rechallenge of targeted therapy in patients with BRAFV600 -mutated melanoma plays an important role, because of the prolonged overall survival of melanoma patients. Patients may be rechallenged after a drug-free interval following adverse drug reactions, after radiation therapy or surgery, following disease progression on subsequent immunotherapy or chemotherapy, or after disease progression without interim therapeutic intervention. To date, only few data has been published on treatment outcomes associated with rechallenge. The articles published on this topic included a total of 238 patients. In general, it was shown that patients did respond to rechallenge, even if they had previously experienced disease progression on targeted therapy. Patient response varied from stable disease to partial response and even complete remission in some cases. Our analysis showed overall response rates to rechallenge of 47 %, with disease control rates of 67 %. While mean progression-free survival was 6.4 months, this was shorter than after the first round of targeted therapy (mean progression-free survival of 9.2 months). Rechallenge of targeted therapy offers another option in the management of melanoma patients who have received extensive prior treatment. In particular, it will be important to clarify whether the type of interim treatment has an impact on the response to rechallenge.