Looking forward: Disasters at 40.

This paper reflects on contemporary studies of and responses to disasters, highlighting the importance of historical, spatial, and intersectional modes of analysis, and draws on the author's ongoing research on Southern-led and local community responses to displacement in the Middle East. Acknowledging the plurality of 'international communities of response', it begins by critiquing the depiction of selected responses to disasters as 'positive' 'paradigm shifts', including in reference to the 'localisation of aid, and the United Nations' Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan for Syria. Next it turns to three key themes that are central to disasters studies: migration; forced displacement; and Southern-led responses to disasters. Among other things, the paper argues that exploring the principles and modalities of South-South cooperation, rather than promoting the incorporation of Southern actors into the 'international humanitarian system' via the localisation agenda, presents a critical opportunity for studies of and responses to disasters.