Immunomodulatory factors gene polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis: an overview.

BACKGROUND: Chronic periodontitis (CP), defines as destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth and resorption of the alveolar bone. It is widespread in human populations and represent an important problem for public health. CP results from inflammatory mechanisms created by the interaction between environmental and host genetic factors that confer the individual susceptibility to the disease.

AIM: The aim of the current study was to explore and summarize some functional biomarkers that are associated with CP susceptibility.

METHODS: CP is considered to be a multifactorial disease. The pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases is characterized by various biological pathways. The studies revealed that polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to periodontal diseases. In other word, genetic variations can change the development of CP. However, there are some conflicting results, because there are different variations in frequency of some alleles in any populations. Therefore, we conducted the current review to completely understanding the special biomarkers for CP.

RESULTS: There is some evidence that SNPs in the IL-1α, IL-1β, IL1RN, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β1, IFN-γ and VDR may be associated with CP susceptibility.

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, numerous studies have reported the host genetic factors associated with CP susceptibility and related traits. Therefore, it is prevail to study the multiple SNPs and their effects to find the useful diagnosis methods. The current study will investigate the relationship between polymorphisms in cytokine genes and the susceptibility to the chronic periodontitis.