Use of cerium oxide nanoparticles: a good candidate to improve skin tissue engineering.

Today advancements in nanotechnology have made extensive progress in tissue engineering. Application of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2) has improved regenerative medicine due to their antioxidant properties. In this study, nanoparticles were used to increase the efficacy of skin substitutes. Human skin samples were decellularized using four methods and studied via histological stainings and DNA content analyses. Then CeO2 dispersing and its stability were investigated. The prepared acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) were immersed in CeO2 suspension and their effects were evaluated on growth of cultured human adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells (hAd-MSCs) using MTT assay and histological methods. Moreover, changes in collagen content of the scaffolds were also determined by electron microscopy. The results indicated that use of trypsin/NaOH protocol resulted in most efficient in cell removal and maintenance of ECM architecture. Among different dispersal methods, the approach using DMEM, wetting with FBS and ultrasonic bath resulted to the best stability. Furthermore, it was shown that CeO2 not only had no toxicity on the cells, but also increased the growth and survival of hAd-MSCs about 30%, as well as the amount of collagen in ADM/CeO2 compared to ADM. It can be concluded that the combination of ADM/CeO2/hAd-MSCs could be a step forward in skin tissue engineering.