Identification of factors affecting treatment outcome in bipolar disorder.

Background and Aim: Treatment outcomes in bipolar disorder are highly variable, and several sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, and comorbidities play an important role. Early recognition of these factors will help the physicians to implement individualized treatment and a better clinical outcome. The present study was aimed at identifying the factors affecting treatment outcomes in bipolar disorder.

Materials and Methods: All patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder as per diagnostic and statistical manual-IV criteria were included in the study. Patients were followed for 6 months from the day of enrollment. Patient demography, age at bipolar disorder was diagnosed, age at treatment was started, social habits, signs and symptoms, comorbidities, symptoms, treatment pattern, and compliance to treatment were recorded in case record form. Based on the changes in young mania rating scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score from baseline to last follow-up, the patients were classified as remission and non-remission. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated nonremission in bipolar disorder patients and calculation of odds ratio (OR).

Results: The mean age of the study population was 37.6 ± 14.1 years. Out of the 121 patients, 68 (56.2%) were female. At the end of the follow-up period, 41 (33.9%) had remission, and 80 (66.1%) had nonremission. Early onset (OR: 9.77; confidence intervals [CI]: 1.77-86.01), treatment delay (OR: 6.48; CI: 1.27-32.92), treatment noncompliance (OR: 4.64; CI: 1.37-15.64), and single living (OR: 4.26; CI: 1.56-11.66) were independently associated with nonremission in bipolar disorder patients.

Conclusions: Early-onset bipolar disorder, delay in treatment, treatment non-compliance, and single living adversely affect remission in bipolar disorder.