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Structure and Function of IP 3 Receptors.

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3 Rs), by releasing Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of animal cells, allow Ca2+ to be redistributed from the ER to the cytosol or other organelles, and they initiate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). For all three IP3 R subtypes, binding of IP3 primes them to bind Ca2+ , which then triggers channel opening. We are now close to understanding the structural basis of IP3 R activation. Ca2+ -induced Ca2+ release regulated by IP3 allows IP3 Rs to regeneratively propagate Ca2+ signals. The smallest of these regenerative events is a Ca2+ puff, which arises from the nearly simultaneous opening of a small cluster of IP3 Rs. Ca2+ puffs are the basic building blocks for all IP3 -evoked Ca2+ signals, but only some IP3 clusters, namely those parked alongside the ER-plasma membrane junctions where SOCE occurs, are licensed to respond. The location of these licensed IP3 Rs may allow them to selectively regulate SOCE.

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