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Water as an effective additive for improved high energy density Na metal batteries? Electrolyte studies up to 10000 ppm water in a superconcentrated ionic liquid electrolyte.

ChemSusChem 2019 Februrary 11
The effect of water on the properties of super concentrated sodium salt solutions in ionic liquids (ILs) was investigated in order to design electrolytes for sodium battery applications using water as an additive. Water were added to a 50 mol% solution of NaFSI in the ionic liquid N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (C3mpyrFSI). While the thermal properties (glass transition temperature) showed little dependence on the water content, the viscosity and, in particular the ionic conductivity, are strongly affected. Na|Na symmetrical cell cycling performance is strongly dependent on the applied current density as well as on the water content. At higher current densities (1.0 mAcm-2) the polarisation profiles show a water dependence suggesting that water is being actively involved in the formation of an improved solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI) for high water content samples (1000 - 5000 ppm). Na|NaFePO4 cell cycling performance is also demonstrated with minimal effect on the cell capacity, further highlighting the negligible activity of water in these electrolyte systems. In fact, reduced cell polarisation and a more clearly defined charge profile is evident after water addition. The work shown here suggests that water may be used as a convenient and inexpensive additive for super concentrated sodium IL electrolytes for improved device performance.

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