Developmental Toxicity of a Neonicotinoid Insecticide, Acetamiprid to Zebrafish Embryos.

Agricultural use of neonicotinoid insecticides is increasing worldwide, posing a risk to non-target organisms. The present study investigated developmental toxicity of a widely used neonicotinoid, acetamiprid, to zebrafish embryos. Sub-lethal (malformations, hatchability, heart rate, body length, alteration of spontaneous movement and touch responses) and lethal effects were monitored during exposure period from 6 h post fertilization (hpf) to 120 hpf. Zebrafish embryos exhibited significant mortality and teratogenic effects at acetamiprid concentration greater than 263 mg/L, with bent spine being the main malformation. Toxicity spectra were constructed to rank the sensitivity of individual endpoints to acetamiprid exposure and impaired spontaneous movement was the most sensitive endpoint of those tested. The present study provides the basis for understanding developmental toxicity of acetamiprid exposure on zebrafish embryos. This information is critical for future studies evaluating aquatic risk from neonicotinoids as little is known regarding adverse effects of neonicotinoids to aquatic vertebrate species.