Unstable blood sugar levels as triggers for the syndrome of acute bilateral basal ganglia lesions in diabetic uremia: Two Taiwanese patients with unusual neuroimaging findings.

The syndrome of acute bilateral basal ganglia lesions in diabetic uremia is uncommon and usually affects Asian patients. The underlying pathogenesis of this syndrome is not clear. We searched PUBMED using the keywords "bilateral basal ganglia", "diabetic", and "uremia", and found a total of 34 cases from 1998 to 2016. In most cases, blood sugar levels were normal. Here we report two Taiwanese cases presenting with dyskinesias. In one case the syndrome was triggered by hyperglycemia, and in the other by severe hypoglycemia. Their neuroimaging findings were unusual as compared with previously reported cases, presenting as mixed hypo- and hyperintensity on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. We think these new finding would shed some light on the underlying pathophysiology of this syndrome. For treatment, it is advisable to keep glucose levels as stable as possible in diabetic uremic patients to prevent this syndrome. A rapid correction of hyper- or hypoglycemia after the onset may help recovery.