Ultrastructural localization of the likely mechanoelectrical transduction channel protein, transmembrane-like channel 1 (TMC1) during development of cochlear hair cells.

Transmembrane channel like protein 1 (TMC1) is likely to be a pore-forming subunit of the transduction channel of cochlear hair cells that is mechanically gated by tension on tip links in the stereocilia bundle. To localise TMC1 precisely, we labelled mice cochleae of different ages using custom-made polyclonal antibodies to TMC1 for light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunofluorescence revealed stereocilia labelling at P9 but not at P3 in apical hair cells. Immunogold labelling for TEM confirmed that labelling was absent at P3, and showed weak labelling at P6 with no stereocilia tip labelling, increasing at P9, with specific tip labelling on shorter stereocilia and some throughout the bundle. At P12 and P21, labelling was refined mostly to stereocilia tips. Quantification showed that labelling overall reached maximum by P12, labelling per tip was relatively constant from P9 to P21, but percent tips labelled was reduced from 16% to 8%. Tmc1-/- showed no labelling. Thus TMC1 occurs at the lower end of the tip link, supporting its presence in the MET complex and likely the channel. Tip localisation from P9 onwards coincides with lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 5 (LHFPL5), a protein that may be involved in acquiring/maintaining TMC1 localisation.