New passive sampling device for effective monitoring of pesticides in water.

The extensive use of pesticides promotes environmental contamination, mainly in surface and ground waters. However, they remain at very low concentration and present wide degradation level requiring the use of efficient devices for pesticides passive sampling. In this study, a new in situ passive sampling device was developed for monitoring and estimating time-weighted average (TWA) of pesticides in waters. The device was made with simple, recyclable and cheap materials. The sampling system involves the liquid phase microextraction technique with hollow fiber in two-phases mode. Pesticides determination was done by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The method was optimized and validated for the determination of 29 pesticides in water, showing good linearity in the range between 0.012 and 40.00 μg L-1 with determination coefficients of R2  > 0,9649. Limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.009 to 0.557 μg L-1 and limit of quantification (LOQ) from 0.012 to 0.802 μg L-1 . The recoveries of spiked pesticides in water samples were in the range from 96 to 130%. The method was applied to forty environmental water samples collected at São Francisco river basin, Brazil. The highest detection frequency was found for the pesticides 4,4-DDE, 4,4-DDD and propazine. They were detected in more than 20 percent of the samples.