Proteomic Analysis of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats.

Ischemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, treatment options for reducing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) are limited. Gallic acid (GA) as a plant polyphenol has been used to fight against CIRI. But its pharmacokinetic properties such as low absorption, poor bioavailability and quick elimination have negative effects on its clinical application. To strengthen its potency, a delivery system of GA-loaded o-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticle (GA-NP) was synthesized in our study. GA nanoparticles were prepared and then their effects were evaluated. We measured in vitro and in vivo effects of GA-NPs in the oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) model and the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. In vitro experiments we established OGD model to determine the neuroprotective effects of GA-NPs. In vivo experiments we established MCAO model to measure neurological deficit scores by Zea Longa neurological deficit scale, infarct size by TTC staining, apoptosis by TUNEL staining, antioxidant and anti-inflammation indicators by ELISA kit. The results showed that GA-NPs improved neurological defects, reduced infarct size, decreased TUNEL positive cells, and alleviated pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. In conclusion, GA-NPs may be used as an efficacious delivery vehicle of GA in the treatment of CIRI.