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Evaluation of ACC deaminase producing rhizobacteria to alleviate water stress impacts in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants.

Application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPB) is an environmentally sustainable option to reduce the effects of abiotic and biotic stresses on plant growth and productivity. Bacteria isolated from rainfed agriculture field soils in the Central Himalaya Kumaun region, India were evaluated for the production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase. Those producing ACC deaminase in high amounts were evaluated for their potential to improve wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant growth under irrigated and water-stress conditions in two glasshouse experiments. Some of the isolates also showed other PGP traits e.g. N2 fixation, siderophore production and phosphate solubilization; however strains with higher ACC deaminase activity showed greatest effects. These were Variovorax paradoxus RAA3, Pseudomonas spp. DPC12, DPB13, DPB15, DPB16, Achromobacter spp. PSA7, PSB8 and Ochrobactrum anthropic DPC9. In both simulated irrigated and water-stress conditions, a single inoculation of RAA3 and a consortium of DPC9 + DPB13 + DPB15 + DPB16 significantly improved wheat plant growth, foliar nutrient concentrations and caused significant positive changes in antioxidant properties compared to non-inoculated plants especially under water-stress. These findings imply that PGPB having ACCdeaminase activity together with other PGP traits could potentially be effective inoculants to improve the growth of wheat plants in water-stressed rainfed environments.

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