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Maize Genic Male-sterility Genes and Their Applications in Hybrid Breeding: Progress and Perspectives.

Molecular Plant 2019 January 26
As one of the most important crops, maize not only has been a source of the food, feed, and industrial feedstock for biofuel and bioproducts but also became as a model plant system for addressing fundamental questions in genetics. Male sterility is a very useful trait for hybrid vigor utilization and hybrid seed production. The identification and characterization of genic male-sterility (GMS) genes in maize and other plants have deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling anther and pollen development, and enabled the development and efficient use of many biotechnology-based male-sterility (BMS) systems for crop hybrid breeding. In this review, we review the main progress on the identification and characterization of GMS genes in maize, and construct a putative regulatory network controlling maize anther and pollen development by comparative genomics analysis of the GMS genes in maize, Arabidopsis and rice. Furthermore, we discuss and appraise the features of more than a dozen BMS systems for propagating male sterile lines and producing hybrid seeds in maize and other plants. Finally, we provide our perspectives on the studies of GMS genes and the development of novel BMS systems in maize and other plants. The continuous exploration of GMS genes and BMS systems will enhance our understanding of the molecular regulatory networks controlling male fertility and greatly facilitate hybrid vigor utilization in breeding and field production of maize and other crops.

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