Add like
Add dislike
Add to saved papers

Safely-Managed Hygiene: A Risk-Based Assessment of Handwashing Water Quality.

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Indicator 6.2.1 requires household handwashing facilities to have soap and water, but there are no guidelines for handwashing water quality. In contrast, drinking water quality guidelines are defined: water must be "free from contamination" to be defined as "safely-managed" (SDG Indicator 6.1.1). . We modeled the hypothesized mechanism of infection due to contaminated handwashing water to inform risk-based guidelines for microbial quality of handwashing water. We defined two scenarios that should not occur: 1) if handwashing caused fecal contamination - indicated using Escherichia coli - on a person's hands to increase, rather than decrease; and 2) if hand-to-mouth contacts following handwashing caused an infection risk greater than an acceptable threshold. We found water containing <1,000 E. coli colony forming units (CFU) per 100 mL removes E. coli from hands with >99% probability. However, for the annual probability of infection to be <1:1,000, handwashing water must contain <2×10-6 fluorescent focus units of rotavirus, <1×10-4 CFU of Vibrio cholerae, and <9×10-6 Cryptosporidium oocysts per 100 mL. Our model suggests that handwashing with non-potable water will generally reduce fecal contamination on hands but may be unable to lower the annual probability of infection risks from hand-to-mouth contacts below 1:1000.

Full text links

We have located links that may give you full text access.
Can't access the paper?
Try logging in through your university/institutional subscription. For a smoother one-click institutional access experience, please use our mobile app.

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app

Mobile app image

Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app

All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.

Your Privacy Choices Toggle icon

You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now

Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app