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Differentially expressed miRNAs, including a large microRNA cluster on chromosome 24, are associated with equine sarcoid and squamous cell carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to investigate microRNA (miRNA) differential expression in the two most common equine skin tumors, equine sarcoid (ES) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and its potential influence on the tumor microenvironment at post-transcriptional level. We investigated miRNA fingerprints in four subgroups: mild (ESM) and aggressive (ESA) ES and ocular SCC (oSCC) and genital SCC (gSCC). Three tumor and three control samples were included in each of the four subgroups. Following next generation sequencing (NGS), miRNA differential expression analysis using DESeq2 was carried out. Pathways associated with the human mature homologues of identified dysregulated miRNAs were predicted using DIANA- miRPath v3.0. When comparing tumor vs. control tissue, 57 miRNAs in ESM, six in ESA, 47 in oSCC and zero in gSCC were found to be differentially expressed and may thus serve as potential diagnostic tissue biomarkers. Whereas ES lesions in general were associated with downregulation of the miR-200 family, which may trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition, ESM lesions were associated with upregulation of the proposed tumor-suppressive miRNA cluster on equine chromosome 24. In contrast, the oSCC tumors showed downregulation of this cluster as well as downregulation of the miR-34 family, which may favor oSCC tumor cell metabolism. To further validate the proposed diagnostic miRNA fingerprints and their suggested biological effects, further miRNA studies need to be carried out in larger study cohorts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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