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JOURNAL ARTICLE
REVIEW
Underactive bladder may be caused by uterosacral ligament laxity - a critical review of two paradigms.
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the posterior fornix syndrome (PFS), (abnormal bladder emptying, urge, frequency, nocturia, chronic pelvic pain) cured/improved by uterosacral ligament (USL) ligation, with 'underactive bladder' (UAB) [2], whose cause and cure of UAB are said to be unknown [2].
Material and methods: A limited literature search was carried out for the words posterior fornix syndrome; obstructed micturition; post-void residual.
Results: We found the diagnostic criteria used for UAB to be identical with PFS. Also, individual symptoms could be improved in the short term with squatting-based pelvic floor exercises, native tissue cardinal/uterosacral ligament repair, but requiring posterior ligament slings for a long term cure.
Conclusions: Because the similarity in symptoms may not be sufficient in the first instance to recommend surgery for UAB, we advise the use of a roll gauze or large tampon placed in the posterior fornix to support USLs ('simulated operation'), always with a full bladder, then observe any changes in PFS symptoms such as urge, pain, urine flow and post-void residual as a screening test before proceeding to surgery.
Material and methods: A limited literature search was carried out for the words posterior fornix syndrome; obstructed micturition; post-void residual.
Results: We found the diagnostic criteria used for UAB to be identical with PFS. Also, individual symptoms could be improved in the short term with squatting-based pelvic floor exercises, native tissue cardinal/uterosacral ligament repair, but requiring posterior ligament slings for a long term cure.
Conclusions: Because the similarity in symptoms may not be sufficient in the first instance to recommend surgery for UAB, we advise the use of a roll gauze or large tampon placed in the posterior fornix to support USLs ('simulated operation'), always with a full bladder, then observe any changes in PFS symptoms such as urge, pain, urine flow and post-void residual as a screening test before proceeding to surgery.
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