Education aimed at increasing international collaboration and decreasing Inequalities.

Educational initiatives in cancer research have to align with the needs of patients, individuals at risk, healthcare systems, and public health organisations. The above interests demand strong translational interactions between basic research, clinical/prevention research, and entrepreneurship. The resulting synergy between these three entities is expected to stimulate identification of unresolved issues in cancer biology, as well as unmet needs in diagnostics, treatment, and prevention. It will also encourage the development of international research collaborations and, in turn, improve access to innovative research infrastructures. Education and dissemination of knowledge and technologies must be a cornerstone of any future European mission-oriented approach to cancer, as it will ensure that new cancer treatments reach all patients within the EU, and also help reduce gross inequalities in cancer incidence and mortality. A large number of educational institutions ranging from local universities to pan- European organizations have developed excellent educational activities. However, a cancer mission will highlight additional roles for higher education that will complement and provide novel approaches. Educational and training activities should target the general public (dissemination) for primary cancer prevention, as well as the next generation of cancer researchers in basic and clinical research all over Europe. The experiences of patients are also needed to improve health-related quality of life and outcomes research. A mission approach to cancer would enhance the exchange of researchers within Europe and worldwide, and prioritise collaborations between Western/Central and Eastern Europe countries. The Comprehensive Cancer Centres (CCCs) will be crucial to train scientific staff in established centres as well as in candidate centres aspiring to join networks of CCCs. In addition, CCCs will have an important role to play by offering educational programs for the next generation of clinical/research leaders.