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How Do Breath and Skin Emissions Impact Indoor Air Chemistry?
Indoor Air 2019 January 22
People are an important source of pollution indoors, through activities such as cleaning, and also from 'natural' emissions from breath and skin. This paper investigates natural emissions in high occupancy environments. Model simulations are performed for a school classroom during a typical summer in a polluted urban area. The results show that classroom occupants have a significant impact on indoor ozone, which increases from ~9 ppb to ~20 ppb when the pupils leave for lunch and decreases to ~14 ppb when they return. The concentrations of 4-OPA, formic acid and acetic acid formed as oxidation products following skin emissions attained maximum concentrations of 0.8, 0.5 and 0.1 ppb respectively when pupils were present, increasing from near-zero concentrations in their absence. For acetone, methanol and ethanol from breath emissions, maximum concentrations were ~22.3, 6.6 and 21.5 ppb respectively, compared to 7.4, 2.1 and 16.9 ppb in their absence. A rate of production analysis showed that occupancy reduced oxidant concentrations, whilst enhancing formation of nitrated organic compounds, owing to the chemistry that follows from increased aldehyde production. Occupancy also changes the peroxy radical composition, with those formed through isoprene oxidation becoming relatively more important, which also has consequences for subsequent oxidant concentrations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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