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Versatile and Validated Optical Authentication System based on Physical Unclonable Functions.

Counterfeit consumer products, electronic components, and medicines generate heavy economic losses, pose a massive security risk, and endanger human lives on a daily basis. Combatting counterfeits requires incorporation of uncopiable or unclonable fea-tures in each and every product. By exploiting the inherent randomness of stochastic processes an optical authentication system based on physical unclonable functions (PUFs) was developed. The system relies on placing unique tags-PUF-tags-on the indi-vidual products. The tags can be created using commercial printing and coating technologies using several combinations of carrier materials and taggant materials. The authentication system was found to be independent of how contrast was generated, and exam-ples of PUF-tags based on scattering, absorption and luminescence were made. A version of the authentication using the combina-tion of scattering based PUF tags and a smartphone based reader was validated on a sample size of 9,720 unique codes. With zero false positives in 29,154 matches, an encoding capacity of 2.5·10120, and a low cost of manufacture we conclude that the scatter-ing based authentication system has the potential to solve the problem of counterfeit products.

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