Development of Multimodal Antibacterial Surfaces Using Porous Amine-Reactive Films Incorporating Lubricant and Silver Nanoparticles.

Anti-biofouling has been improved by passive or active ways. Passive antifouling strategies aim to prevent the initial adsorption of foulants, while active strategies aim to eliminate proliferative fouling by destruction of the chemical structure and inactivation of the cells. However, neither passive antifouling strategies nor active antifouling strategies can solely resist biofouling due to their inherent limitations. Herein, we successfully developed multimodal antibacterial surfaces for waterborne and airborne bacteria with the benefit of combination of anti-adhesion (passive) and bactericidal (active) properties of the surfaces. We elaborated multi-functionalizable porous amine-reactive (PAR) polymer films from poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) (PPFPA). Pentafluorophenyl ester groups in the PAR films facilitate to create multiple functionalities through a simple post-modification under mild condition, based on their high reactivity towards various primary amines. We introduced amine containing-polydimethylsiloxane (amine-PDMS) and dopamine into the PAR films, resulting in infusion of antifouling silicone oil lubricants and formation of bactericidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), respectively. As a result, the PAR film-based AgNPs incorporated lubricant infused surfaces demonstrate outstanding antibacterial effects toward both waterborne and airborne Escherichia coli (E. coli), suggesting a new door to develop an effective multimodal anti-biofouling surface.