Using Opioids With Surgical Patients: Nurses' Attitudes and Experiences.

Opioids such as morphine are effective analgesics and have been recognized worldwide for many years; yet, they are underutilized. The study explores the attitudes and experiences relating to opioids, in general, and morphine, in particular, among Jordanian surgical nurses. The Opioids Attitudes Scale was used. A total of 123 questionnaires were distributed, and 120 were returned, achieving a response rate of 96%. Focus group discussions (n = 4) were conducted with surgical nurses (n = 34). The majority of nurses believe that the addiction is the most serious side effects of opioids. Qualitative analysis revealed 2 major themes. The first theme was referred to as "not being in the same boat," highlighting a lack of teamwork, and comprised 2 subthemes: blame culture and physicians versus nurses. The second "morphine as the last on the list" was also made up of 2 subthemes: the lack of confidence and the fear of legal persecution. Nurses showed negative attitudes and misconceptions about opioids and morphine use within a fragmented surgical unit culture. Therefore, serious efforts must be made to create and sustain an effective unit culture reform and communications path from patient to nurse and doctor.