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Women's mid-life health in Low and Middle Income Countries: A comparative analysis of the timing and speed of health deterioration in six countries.

Background: Mid-life is a neglected stage of women's lives, particularly in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). Birth injuries, menopause and manual labour can contribute to health problems in the mid-life.

Objectives: This study analyses the relationship between women's health deterioration and age across socio-economic groups in 6 countries (China, Ghana, Mexico, Russia, South Africa and India).

Methods: Using constrained cubic splines, I analysed data from the WHO SAGE survey to examine age and wealth patterns in the onset of deterioration in objective proxies of ageing.

Results: Results show a clear pattern of deterioration in health in middle-aged women. Ageing processes differ dramatically between rich and poor strata within countries and between countries.

Discussion: This study clearly shows that the onset of ageing in women in LMICs begins in the early forties. The paper highlights the need to focus more on mid-life health of women, in particular poorer ones.

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