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Raman-Enhanced Spectroscopy (RESpect) Distinguishes Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in HIV-Serodiscordant Couples.

HIV-positive individuals are at increased risk for pre-cancerous anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). Anal cytology and digital rectal examination are performed as screening tools but extensive training and appropriate instruments are required to follow-up on an abnormal anal cytology. Thus novel approaches to SIL evaluation could improve better healthcare follow up by efficient and timely diagnosis to offer treatment options. Recently, Raman-enhanced spectroscopy (RESpect) has emerged as a potential new tool for early identification of SIL. RESpect is a non-invasive, label-free, laser-based technique that identifies molecular composition of tissues and cells. HIV-serodiscordant couples had anal biopsies obtained during high resolution anoscopy. RESpect was performed on the specimens. Principal Component Analysis of the data identified differences between normal and abnormal tissue as well as HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals of each couple even with similar pathologies. RESpect has the potential to change the paradigm of anal pathology diagnosis and could provide insight into different pathways leading to SIL in HIV-serodiscordant couples.

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