Expression analysis of And4 during fin regeneration in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus provides insights into its function.

Identifying proteins that regulate fin injury is critical to our understanding of regeneration as it relates to both acute wound injury and tissue formation. We have cloned the full-length cDNA of the actinodin4 (and4) gene of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (MaAnd4) by the RACE method (GenBank Accession No. MG385835). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis during fin regeneration indicated a sudden increase in MaAnd4 expression, with a peak at 3 days post amputation (dpa). In situ analysis showed that MaAnd4 is located in the distal blastema and cells lining the regions of actinotrichia formation at 3 dpa. The highest levels of MaAnd4 expression were observed in the adult testis as well as in the gastrulae during embryonic development. Southern blotting confirmed the existence of and4 in teleosts but not in tetrapods examined. The results show the expression of this gene in actinotrichia formation and its association with fin/limb regeneration ability in teleosts.