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Postconditioning like effect of exercise- New paradigm in experimental menopause.

The progression of coronary artery diseases in premenopausal women is lower than in age-matched men; however, its probability increases rapidly after menopause. The aim of our study was to investigate the postconditioning like effects of voluntary physical exercise on postmenopausal cardiovascular outcomes after MI. We used fertile Wistar females (CTRL) and pharmacologically-induced estrogen-deficient (POVX, 750 µg/kg triptorelin, i.m., every 4th week) rats. CTRL and POVX animals were randomly assigned to receive an injection of 0.1 mg ISO/kg. At the 20th hour after ISO injection, serum markers of myocardial injury, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myoglobin were measured. After a 3-week resting period, ISO-treated and untreated animals were further divided into subgroups on the basis of a six-week physical exercise. At the end of the experiment, the cardiac activity and content of antioxidative heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme, the level of glutathione (GSH), and GSH+GSSG as well as the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined. At the end of the experimental period, we observed a significant decrease in the activity and content of HO enzymes in POVX and POVX/ISO animals, whereas physical exercise significantly improved the HO and GSH values in both CTRL and POVX rats. Furthermore, our training protocol significantly reduced the pathological level of MPO and TNF-α. Our findings clearly demonstrate that modulation of HO system by voluntary physical exercise is a key process to decrease inflammatory parameters and ameliorate the antioxidative status in estrogen deficient conditions post myocardial injury.

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