Peri-Implantitis and Peri-Implant Mucositis Case Definitionsin Dental Research: A Systematic Assessment.

The aim of this review was to determine which are the most common peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis case definitions that have been used worldwide in implant dentistry literature. A systematic assessment on peri-implant disease classification was conducted using all publications in MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar between 1994 and November 2017. Screening of eligible studies and data extraction were conducted in duplicate and independently by two reviewers. The search protocol identified 3,049 unique articles, of which 2,784 were excluded based on title and abstract. In total, 265 full texts were screened, 106 of which met the eligibility criteria, 41 defined peri-implant mucositis. Eight (19.6%) used BOP only; and 8 (19.6.7%) used a combination of PD, BOP, and radiograph; followed by 5 (12.3%) PD and BOP. Cases with crestal bone loss of ≤ 2 mm in the first year and ≤ 0.2 mm in each subsequent year were considered as peri-implant mucositis. Ninety-three articles defined peri-implantitis; 28 (30.1%) used a combination of PD with suppuration, BOP, and radiograph; followed by 25 (26.9%) using a combination of PD, BOP and radiograph. BOP, PD and radiograph were considered the main criteria in most of the studies. Cases of crestal bone loss of ≥ 2 mm and PD ≥ 3 mm are considered peri-implantitis. Different peri-implant disease case definitions may affect the prevalence and treatment strategies of the disease. We need to standardize case definitions to avoid discrepancies in case diagnosis and prognosis.