Stressors experienced by children with autism spectrum disorder in Taiwan: Perspectives of children and their parents.

Autism spectrum disorder has only recently been recognized as a developmental disability in Taiwan. We conducted an exploratory qualitative descriptive study with children (n = 14, mean age = 13.57 years) and their parents to understand stressors experienced by children with autism spectrum disorder in Taiwan. An analysis of face-to-face interviews revealed that children with autism spectrum disorder experienced stressors of daily living, which included environmental stimuli, academic and behavioral expectations, deviations in routine, behavioral expectations, and emotional control, and stressors of socializing, which included bullying, communication, personal interactions, conflict resolution, and difficulty understanding others' emotions. Stressors resulted from the core symptoms and characteristic behaviors of autism spectrum disorders, and also Taiwanese cultural expectations. Our findings could help develop individualized educational plans and culturally-sensitive behavioral interventions. Facilitation of these interventions could be used by nurses and health-care professionals to help facilitate problem solving and communication skills, which could reduce the stress for children with autism spectrum disorder in Taiwan.