Botulinum toxin in women's health: An update.

Botulinum toxin, from the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, acts by block the pre-synaptic release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in temporary muscle paralysis. There are several clinically available formulations, the most extensively studied being of onabotulinumtoxinA. This article outlines three of the common clinical applications of onabotulinumtoxinA relevant to women's health: the management of symptoms of overactive bladder, chronic migraine and facial lines. Its safety and efficacy have been well demonstrated but very few studies have directly compared treatments. Further research is needed directly comparing therapies to help guide treatment choices and predict success.