Carcinoma of the uterine cervix in Czech Republic and possibilities of its prevence.

Carcinoma of the uterine cervix belongs to significant malignancy in the Czech Republic. The goal of organized national cervical cancer screening program is to decrease incidence and mortality of this disease. Discovery of casual relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer together with modern examinations methods pushed forward possibilities of primary and secondary prevention worldwide. In the article, there are mentioned basic statistical data of cervical cancer screening in the Czech Republic (the annual coverage of the target population, incidence, prevalence, mortality etc.), types of different screening strategies, evaluation of gynecologic cytology according to the Bethesda system, HPV vaccination and more information related to this topic. Keywords: cervix - carcinoma - screening - HPV - vaccination - cytology - Bethesda system.